Gynohierophobia

Why can't women become priests?

Pre-Christian Greek literature shows that we've been misogynistic for a long, long time, which may be the real reason women have traditionally been kept out of the priesthood, along with other professions of course. Further excuses have been made up, especially when corroboration can be found in the Bible, which used to say quite clearly that women were not worthy for the priesthood. But that was in the past; the Bible doesn't say that now. (More on this below.)

God is often referred to in male terms such as Him and Father, and angels are almost invariably 'male'. The first Christian priest was Jesus, and as far as we know, he never ordained women.

He could have done. His own mother, who witnessed his first miracle and stood with him as he suffered on the cross, or Mary Magdalene, or the women of Bethany. They were all very suitable candidates but all of Jesus' Apostles were men.

A Christian doesn't question why there were no female Apostles. But it seems safe to assume that because 2,000 years ago practically all Pagan religions were led by priestesses, it was important for the Early Christians to distance themselves from the heathens and Pagans, as the Jews had done. 

Even today, when talking about the women's ministerial role in the Christian Church, the name "priestess" is avoided in favour of "women priest".

The English word "priestess" goes back only to the 17^th century, and coined to refer to the pre-Christian females elders. Even today in Neopaganism, "priestess" is generally only used when the sex of an elder is important to fulfil the role. If the sex of an elder in the Christian Church is important, then that is comparable to Pagan practice.

Let's think back to time of the Early Church and ask:

Why couldn't women become rabbis?

Well of course they can now, and there have been female rabbis outside the Orthodox community since 1972. 

In Judaism, men and women have separate roles. A woman's obligations and responsibilities are different from those of a man, but no less important. When Judaism was founded, many Pagan religious ceremonies included raunchy sexual activities. Separation of the sexes in Judaism was seen as a way to help focus more on spiritual concerns, a practice also adopted by both Christians and Muslims.

Women have held respected positions in Judaism since biblical times and the male-only rabbinate stems from the primary role of a woman being seen as wife and mother. Women have been discouraged from pursuing higher education or religious pursuits, primarily because it was felt that would interfere with their role as wives and mothers.

There have been traditions too. Women were omitted from classical smicha - the 'laying of hands' passed down to elders and sages by the first 'rabbi', Moses, and conferred only to men (see Num. 27:15-23). This smicha succession ended around the 5^th century and was replaced by various versions in which piety was assumed but not actually tested. Today, a rabbi is not only tested fit to give guidance on matters of Jewish Law and Responsa, but also tested in areas such as sociology, Jewish philosophy, and pastoral care.

So where did Moses get the idea from?

Again, not for the faithful to question, but it's clear that Moses wanted elders to be different from those of the Pagan religions, many of which employed priestesses. Excluding women was one way to establish a distinct and special religion.

All sorts of laws were made to accomplish this. Lev. 19 and 21 for example, instruct that beards must not be trimmed. Ancient Middle Easterners illustrated their ethnicity through the facial hair style, so the Jewish custom of pe'ot (side-locks) started off as an identity thing, and still is.

Even before Moses...

Since the time of the earliest humans, the male has been physically stronger to chase after the hunt whilst the mate was looking after babies. As mankind developed, became civilised and began to reason about things, it was understood that the male was also the provider of life itself, through the sperm needed to make babies. This enhanced his familial status even further, at the expense of the wife, who was there to simply to incubate the babies and then feed them. And so misogyny was firmly established.

And to bring us right up to date, here's a little story:

Confused? Did you read the story again to check that the driver was the boy's father? So how could the boy be the surgeon's son?

Well of course, the surgeon must have been the boy's mother. Yet as humans, our brains are programmed with an ancient and unconscious bias that too often leads to prejudice - in this case presuming that the surgeon was male.

It wasn't until 1827 that the existence of the female egg was discovered and only in the 20^th century that we began to understand ovulation. Moses lived a bit before this time, and if God had mentioned these biological facts to Moses, somehow the message was not passed down the line. The understanding of the male and female roles has changed dramatically in the past two centuries.

We now know that females have ovum*, confirming the fact that both male and female contribute equally in conceiving a child. Menstruation is necessary for procreation - it is not, as was assumed, an indication of uncleanliness. Neither has it anything to do with the moon. Today, clinging to the superiority/inferiority concept is silly, but secular society and the religions of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, etc., still harbour some old prejudices.

Enlightened secular society has started to remove sex discrimination in employment, voting rights, property ownership and many other areas. A long way yet to go - to date only 3% of Nobel laureates have been women, but science and education is catching up. 

In Christianity, Protestants and Anglicans are moving forward but generally the Church lags. Whilst some denominations have had female priests and ministers for many decades, the major conservative Protestant, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox denominations, whilst acknowledging that so far there's been no obvious divine retribution, still say "Never!"

In time, the whole Church will recognise that the sense of calling from God should be the prime requirement for ordination, and that a person's sex, gender, typical or atypical chromosome make-up, have no importance whatsoever.

Female pope? Inevitable.